Economy Continues to Stabilize; Abundant Slack Remains
Financial markets and the broader economy continued to stabilize during the third quarter after the extraordinary events of last year. The Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Index, a widely used index of U.S. high-grade bonds, returned 3.74 percent during the quarter. Treasury yields were less volatile than in the first half of 2009 and fell across maturities. The yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury ended the quarter at 3.31 percent, down 23 basis points from the end of the second quarter.
Policy initiatives - such as the Federal Reserve’s purchase of mortgage and Treasury securities, the government’s support for consumer finance markets and near-zero short term rates - helped revive risk appetites and were the major factors behind enhanced stability. Two key programs were extended during the third quarter.
The Fed committed to complete its $1.25 trillion program to buy mortgage-backed bonds and extended the end date of the program to March 2010 from December 2009. Massive purchases of mortgages from this program, roughly two-thirds complete by quarter-end, helped hold down mortgage rates and supported the fragile housing market. The Fed and the Treasury also announced the extension of the Term Asset-backed Securities Loan Facility, or TALF program, which provides financing to investors buying consumer asset-backed securities (ABS). Originally set to expire in December of this year, TALF was extended through March 2010 for consumer ABS.
Manufacturing and housing data showed improvement in the third quarter, suggesting that the recession was close to an end. Even so, substantial slack remained in the economy, leading the Fed to announce that it would keep the federal funds rate near zero “for an extended period.” The unemployment rate moved closer to 10 percent, making any revival in consumer spending highly unlikely. Businesses continued to draw down inventories, albeit at a slower rate than earlier in the year. Industrial capacity utilization hovered near record lows at below 70 percent, discouraging new investment. Policymakers faced with these dismal fundamentals were in no position to contemplate withdrawal of stimulus programs any time soon.
The Rally Continued in the Credit Markets, Driven by Strong Investor Demand for Risk Amid improved market sentiment and increased appetite for risk, valuations for emerging markets U.S. dollar denominated debt continued to rise in the third quarter. In some EM countries, these gains were supported less by fundamentals than by positive technical conditions that helped push investors out of cash and toward higher yielding, riskier assets.
Emerging Market spreads decreased by 96 basis points during the quarter to finish the period at 337 basis points over U.S. Treasuries. The JPMorgan EMBIG index returned 10.21 percent for the quarter.1 In spite of their weaker fundamentals, countries such as Argentina, Pakistan, Ghana, Ecuador and Venezuela continued to benefit from the risk rally. This contrasts with countries such as Brazil, China and Poland which, despite much stronger fundamentals, lagged the market.1
In Latin America, increased risk appetite boosted the performance of Argentina, Venezuela and Ecuador, which returned 33.53 percent, 24.67 percent and 24.22 percent, respectively. Returns for Brazil lagged its investment grade peers at 7.53 percent in spite of growth coming better than expected. Mexico returned 6.87 percent amid negative growth numbers and the government’s issuance in international capital markets.1
In EEMEA (Emerging Europe, the Middle East and Africa), Turkey returned 7.59 percent as speculation about both the necessity and willingness of the government to secure an IMF program continued. Ukraine returned 16.20 percent despite the weak economic picture; second quarter gross domestic product contracted 18.0 percent year over year in the second quarter versus 20.3 percent year over year in the first quarter. Russia returned 11.16 percent as oil price remains above government budget assumption. Nevertheless, economic activity remains weak. Hungary and Poland returned 12.70 percent and 6.94 percent, respectively. In Hungary the recession continued to deepen and the International Monetary Fund IMF extended the stand by agreement.1
In Asia, Indonesia outperformed with a 15.28 percent return amid positive rating actions and the sturdy gross domestic product. China returned only 3.69 percent amid already tight spread levels and as macro releases suggest economic growth continues1.
Within the investment grade market spreads tightened 77 basis points, finishing the quarter at an average level of 183 basis points. As spreads tightened, the global investment grade credit market posted a 6.54 percent return2.
Global investment grade financials led the third quarter rally, outpacing the index by 208 basis points to return 8.62 percent. The ongoing impact of public policy initiatives and private market capital raising helped to bolster liquidity and improve balance sheet strength within the financial system. In global investment grade financials, the life insurance sub-sector was the top performer over the third quarter, generating an excess return of 13.82 percent, outpacing the index by 927 basis points. Life insurance credits benefitted from improved credit profiles and enhanced asset coverage from higher valuations2.
Utility bonds trailed the global investment grade corporate market. In general, defensive sectors have posted modest returns. For example, electric utility credits lagged the market, contributing to the utility sector’s relatively weak performance.
Finally, industrial bonds also lagged the global credit market. Within industrials, and energy credits were one of the largest drags on the sector. The energy sector, particularly the independent exploration & production sub-sector, underperformed in line with other low-beta sectors.
The global high yield market returned 12.76 percent for the quarter. 3 With significant levels of cash on the sidelines to begin the year, and above average levels to start the third quarter, high yield bonds benefited from the general pursuit of yield, even at the expense of higher risk.
Inflows to retail high yield mutual funds significantly outweighed outflows, with net flows up $25.5 billion, the highest level seen since 2003 and comparatively larger than the $5.1 billion inflow this time last year.
Meanwhile, high yield defaults approached the all-time record peak set in 1991, ending the quarter at 12.0 percent and nearly three times the level to begin the year. Senior unsecured bond recoveries remained low, at 19.8 percent, compared to 33.7 percent for all of 2008 and Moody’s long-term average of 36.4 percent.
Global high yield spreads continued to compress, ending September just shy of 670 basis points for a drop of about 267 basis points over the quarter and about 835 basis points lower year-to-date3.
The top performing global high yield industry categories for the third quarter, insurance, broadcasting, and publishing/printing, were some of the worst performers of 2008. At the other end of the spectrum, the worst performing sectors were generally defensive areas of the market that remained relatively resilient through 2008, such as cable and utilities.
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