The top-down investment process begins with our annual secular forum where we develop a 3- to 5-year outlook for the global economy and interest rates. Quarterly meetings are then held to discuss how the outlook applies to upcoming 3- to 12-month periods and to forecast specific influencing factors, including interest rate volatility, yield curve movements and credit trends. Taken together, these sessions set the basic portfolio parameters, including duration, yield-curve positioning, sector weightings and credit quality. Bottom-up strategies, including credit analysis, quantitative research and individual issue selection, are then meshed with the top-down strategies to add value. We may at times use futures to replicate bond positions.** This strategy can offer the opportunity to outperform physical bond securities due to the relative pricing of the futures contracts and PIMCO's active management of the collateral backing the futures.
** Futures may also be used to manage the Fund portfolio's overall duration and sector exposure.
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